Besides, semen from precious dogs can be saved and stored into semen banks to be used in further generations in spite of their death or after the peak reproductive age. The breeders now have luxury of selecting pure bred dogs from all over the world to improve their kennel genetics, without being undergoing transport-associated stress. With the increase in demand for the AI among dog breeders and owners and the semen preservation as a management tool in canine breeding, the ill effect, i.e., inbreeding within breeds can be reduced. Advances and gain in the knowledge of canine physiology and new advances in canine semen technology have made AI to become available and practicable worldwide. The first reports on AI in dogs subsequent to this experiment came to the fore by the end of the fifties, reporting the use of fresh semen, or in the sixties, the use of frozen semen, only in the nineties this technique was introduced into dog breeding practice, particularly in USA and Nordic countries (England and Millar, 2008). It was an Italian physiologist, Spallanzani, who in 1780 obtained Beagle puppies by employing the AI. This adds to the woes of dog’s owner both monetarily and resultant loss of a valuable breeding season.
In India the concept and idea of AI in dogs is pregnant with both numerous benefits and puppies from elite males, for pure bred males are not readily and easily available for mating the bitches. In bovine, it has attained a remarkable height of success, but in case of other animals it is still in its infancy particularly in dogs. The most important attributes of AI is its non employment of any cumbersome, invasive technique as encountered in other methods of genetic improvement, viz., cloning, transgenesis, etc. Therefore, there could be issues on the female side which mean she fails to conceive despite a viable straw of semenĪmong the myriads of techniques devised for the genetic improvement of animals, artificial insemination occupies an important position. In addition, cattle that do not fall pregnant readily are usually culled from the herd, whereas this is not the case with breeding bitches. The success rate in dogs is lower, largely because canine semen is less stable when frozen. More sophisticated methods of insemination involve passing a fine endoscope into the vagina and using it to guide the straw through the cervix and into the womb.Įfficacy of Artificial Insemination in DogsĪI has been used in cattle for a long time and is highly successful.
This stage of her reproductive cycle can be gauged from blood tests monitoring her progesterone levels or by looking at slides of her vaginal cytology.Ī plastic or glass straw containing the sperm is then introduced into her vagina, and the sperm released. The female recipient must be in heat (which occurs roughly twice a year) and about to or recently ovulated. The semen is either used straight away, chilled (used within 24 hours), or frozen in liquid nitrogen (viable for months to years). The semen is checked under a microscope to ensure healthy numbers of active sperm. This is usually sufficient to engage the male’s interest.
If a female in heat is not available, swabs which have previously collected pheromones from the vulva of a female in estrus, can be rubbed onto the rear of a female dog. When he goes to mount her, his penis is diverted into a false vagina which collects the ejaculated semen.
This is done by exposing the male to a female in heat. In the UK, it is becoming popular as a way of widening the gene pool of breeds where low numbers of dogs exist in the country.Īrtificial Insemination Procedure in Dogsįirst, semen is collected from the male dog. In the US, it is a useful way of decreasing the stress on parent stock who are separated by large geographical distances. It is most frequently carried out by experienced inseminators or by vets in practice. Artificial insemination (AI) has been widely used in cattle for decades, but only in recent years has it found a niche amongst dog breeders.
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